Using language and phrases like that 'harms the well-being of everyone,' said Laura Wernick, one of the study's lead authors and an associate professor of social service at Fordham's Graduate School of Social Service.
Youth exposed to higher levels of such language did not benefit as much from the positives that youth sports offer compared to their peers who were not exposed to hurtful language.
Wernick said that the decrease in self-esteem was significantly greater among straight white cisgender boys than any other subgroup, calling it 'the irony of policing masculinity.'
Researchers write that language like that is often used in boys' sports environments, allegedly to motivate. But it often simply ends up 'policing,' as the researchers write, the right and wrong way to be a man.
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