JPA is a specification that standardizes how Java objects map to relational databases, while Hibernate is a concrete ORM framework implementing JPA.
JPA's primary role is providing a set of guidelines; whereas, Hibernate adds advanced features for complex database interactions beyond standard JPA functionality.
Despite common misconceptions, JPA and Hibernate are not the same; Hibernate is an implementation of JPA but can function independently without it.
Using JPA alongside Hibernate combines portability and standardization with the powerful features of Hibernate, making it an optimal choice for Java applications.
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