In 1897 a Rinderpest epidemic decimated livestock, crucial to Herero wealth. By 1903, with 5,000 Germans needing extensive land, colonization tactics intensified to dispossess Ovaherero of their land and cattle.
Racism, unequal law enforcement, maltreatment of indigenous people on German-owned land, and a light sentence for a settler's heinous crime fueled rising tensions. Ovaherero retaliated in 1904.
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