"On 15 December 1995, judges at the European court of justice (CJEU) took two minutes to bring an end to a legal process that had lasted five years. The Bosman rule, as it was known, was to stand, the judges said. European football clubs were no longer allowed to demand transfer fees for players whose contracts had expired, with governing bodies stopped from capping the number of Europeans in any team."
"In the past I got a lot of promises but never received anything, he told the Observer in 2015, claiming he earned nothing from the changes that ensued. He went bankrupt, was treated for alcoholism and was found guilty of assault against his then partner in 2013, resulting in a community service order that included mowing the grass of his local football pitch."
On 15 December 1995 the European Court of Justice confirmed the Bosman ruling, ending a five-year legal struggle and removing clubs' rights to demand transfer fees for out-of-contract players. Nationality-based quotas for Europeans were also prohibited, altering squad composition rules. JeanMarc Bosman led the challenge but gained little personal benefit, later experiencing bankruptcy, alcoholism treatment, and legal troubles. The ruling fundamentally changed football economics by shifting power toward players, reshaping the labour market, intensifying concentration of talent and money, and increasing inequality across clubs and competitions.
Read at www.theguardian.com
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