"Bipolar disorder I and II are each marked by lengthy periods of a depressive episode, which is expressed in a change in appetite (more or less eating), a change in sleep (more or less of it), anhedonia (i.e., the inability to experience pleasure in activities in which one did), and apathy (i.e., not caring about anything, including, at times, even pursuing treatment)."
"Mania for bipolar I and hypomania for bipolar II are marked by either grandiosity or elevated self-esteem, impulsivity (which may lead to extremely regretful decisions if bipolar I), increased energy and activity, diminished need for sleep, racing thoughts, and being talkative. For bipolar I to be diagnosed, mania has to last for at least a week; for bipolar II, hypomania has to last for at least four consecutive days."
People with bipolar disorder often use perfectionism as a way to pursue healing and to manage symptoms. Mania and hypomania frequently arise from hope and an injection of idealized possibility into present experience rather than direct environmental causes. Depressive episodes include changes in appetite and sleep, anhedonia, and apathy that can impede treatment. Mania and hypomania feature grandiosity or elevated self-esteem, impulsivity, increased energy and activity, reduced need for sleep, racing thoughts, and talkativeness. Diagnostic criteria require mania to last at least a week for bipolar I and hypomania at least four consecutive days for bipolar II. Grounding in gratitude can help counteract fantasizing and idealization.
Read at Psychology Today
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