"Concurrency is one of the most complex problems we (developers) can face in our daily work. Additionally, it is also one of the most common problems that we may face while solving our day-to-day issues. The combination of both these factors is what truly makes concurrency and multithreading the most dangerous issues software engineers may encounter. What is more, solving concurrency problems with low-level abstractions can be quite a cognitive challenge and lead to complex, nondeterministic errors."
"That is why most languages introduce higher-level abstractions that allow us to solve concurrency-related problems with relative ease and not spend time tweaking low-level switches. In this article, I would like to dive deeper into such abstractions provided by the Java standard library, namely the ExecutorService interface and its implementations. I also want this article to be an entry point for my next article about Benchmarking Java streams."
Concurrency is a frequent and complex problem for developers that can produce nondeterministic errors when solved with low-level abstractions. Higher-level concurrency abstractions reduce cognitive load and simplify multithreading and task coordination. Java's ExecutorService interface and its implementations provide a variety of executors with distinct threading, queuing, and lifecycle behaviors tailored for different use cases. Understanding relationships among executor implementations and selecting the appropriate executor helps balance throughput, latency, resource usage, and fault isolation. Detailed comparisons of fixed, cached, single-threaded, scheduled, and work-stealing executors clarify trade-offs. These explanations also prepare readers for practical benchmarking of Java streams.
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