Do countries really need fossil fuels to develop? DW 01/05/2026
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Do countries really need fossil fuels to develop?  DW  01/05/2026
"Mozambique is at a crossroads. On its northern coast, billions of dollars' worth of offshore gas projects could bring significant new revenue. At the same time, the country is a hydro powerhouse with huge untapped solar and wind potential. "These are some of the most interesting cases because there are no sunk costs yet. You could still go in different directions," said Philipp Trotter, professor in sustainability management at the University of Wuppertal in Germany."
"For decades, industrialized nations built their wealth on burning coal, oil and gas, producing a disproportionately large share of global emissions in the process. Historically, the United States, the European Union and China have been the world's largest polluters, according to the Global Carbon Budget. Many energy leaders in Africa and Asia argue it is unfair to deny today's developing economies the same route to growth."
Mozambique has billions of dollars' worth of offshore gas projects alongside substantial hydro, solar and wind potential, offering multiple development pathways. No major infrastructure is yet sunk, providing flexibility to pursue fossil or clean energy routes. Industrialized nations historically relied on coal, oil and gas and contributed a large share of cumulative emissions. Developing countries argue for equal access to fossil-fueled growth, while climate science indicates the global carbon budget cannot support universal replication of that path. The economic competitiveness of newly developed national gas is uncertain amid shifting markets and accelerating decarbonization. Limited research exists comparing long-term profitability of fossil versus renewable strategies for such countries.
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