R syntax quirks you'll want to know

"In most other programming languages I know, the equals sign assigns a certain value to a variable. You know, x = 3 means that x now holds the value of 3. But in R, the primary assignment operator is as in: Not: To add to the potential confusion, the equals sign actually can be used as an assignment operator in R - most (but not all) of the time. The best way for a beginner to deal with this is to use the preferred assignment operator tidyverse style guide (tidyverse is a group of extremely popular packages) - which in turn is used by organizations like Google for its R style guide - and what you'll see in most R code."

"You'll see the equals sign in a few places, though. One is when assigning default values to an argument in creating a function, such as myfunction # some R code here using myarg1 } Another is within some functions, such as the dplyr package's mutate() function (creates or modifies columns in a data frame). One more note about variables: R is a case-sensitive language. So, variable x is not the same as X. That applies to just about everything in R; for example, the function subset() would not be the same as Subset()."

R uses the <- operator as the primary assignment mechanism, while the equals sign (=) can often act as an assignment operator but with exceptions. The tidyverse style guide and organizations such as Google recommend using <- for clarity and consistency. The equals sign commonly appears when setting default values for function arguments and within functions like dplyr::mutate(). R is case-sensitive, so variable and function names must match exact case. The c() function combines values into vectors (and can coerce types), providing a common way to create arrays or sequences distinct from array literals in languages like C or Java.

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