Witnessing a verbal barrage against someone can spark visceral discomfort, unhappiness, and empathy, and sadly, in our divided culture, it can inspire others to do the same.
The Gottman Institute considers name-calling to be a sign of contempt—one of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse—that will lead to the demise of relationships.
In social groups, name-calling sidelines individuals, akin to schoolyard bullies vying for power or groups ostracizing others to maintain control.
Name-calling derails important discussions, often a tactic in political campaigns where those unable to discuss substance resort to personal attacks.
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